While attempting to solve G-LinuxorU's Quantum Computer challenge, I ran into a problem.
My idea was to store digits (possibly multiple digits at the same time) as wavelengths of PHOT. Using blueshift FILT, I was able to achieve this, but the problem came with detecting the wavelengths. I tried using a glass prism, however this gives a spread of photons between the highest and lowest wavelengths; completely ignoring gaps in the spectrum and effectively erasing any data in the individual photons.
My suggestion is a sensor called CCD (the name of the sensor in most digital cameras), that changes colour when heated to precisely mimic FILT's wavelength-interaction properties.
That is to say, if a photon passes through FILT at 380°C, the wavelength imparted on that photon would be detected by CCD AT 380°C, emitting a SPRK to any nearby conductors.
CCD is a passive sensor, like DTEC, but more specialised. Detection range should also be set by its tmp2. CCD does not conduct heat.
Uses:
You can detect individual wavelengths using the existing FILT modes with some DTEC. It's a bit larger than one pixel per wavelength, but not enormous (probably smaller than using a prism).
For example:
That save shows a continuous stream of input photons, but it'll work fine with a single photon. There's one output for each wavelength, which is sparked if that wavelength was present in the input.
Ah. I never knew about FILT's behaviour as an AND gate before, thanks jacksonmj!
EDIT: It's just a bit annoying that all 24 wavelengths can't be used, as FILT imparts a fairly broad spectrum onto the photon.
Setting FILT's ctype will make it use that colour for interactions with photons instead of the temperature-controlled broad spectrum. So setting FILT's ctype to a power of 2 will give single wavelengths. (this feature is used in that save, to produce photons with single wavelengths travelling left-to-right as inputs to the AND gate - try placing your mouse over the FILT and looking at the spectrum in the HUD).
It's a bit more difficult to do single wavelengths if you want the single wavelength produced to depend on temperature, though it might be possible with clever use of other FILT modes like red shift, blue shift and subtraction.
(The reason for the broad spectrum is so that calculation of displayed colour from wavelengths works better - with the simple conversion method used at the moment, single wavelengths don't give a full range of colours. The 30 different single wavelengths only give 5 distinct colours).
Wow... the wiki seriously needs updating. I will endeavour to do so.
EDIT: I made a tutorial https://powdertoy.co.uk/Wiki/W/Tutorial:FILT.html#A_comprehensive_FILT_tutorial